MediAI

  Chronic Nitrofurantoin-Induced Lung Injury: A Clinical Review and Case Commentary Introduction Nitrofurantoin is a commonly prescribed antimicrobial agent primarily used for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Despite its long-standing reputation for efficacy and safety, nitrofurantoin has been associated with a spectrum of pulmonary adverse effects, particularly when used chronically. This article explores the cause, etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, treatment, and prognosis of chronic nitrofurantoin-induced lung injury (CNI-LI), supported by a case study of a 93-year-old female patient. Etiology and Cause Nitrofurantoin exerts its antibacterial effects by inhibiting bacterial carbohydrate metabolism and interfering with cell wall synthesis. However, when administered chronically, the drug may provoke an immune-mediated or direct cytotoxic response, leading to lung injury. Risk factors include advanced ...