Thyroglossal Duct Cyst: Pathophysiology, Imaging Diagnosis, and Review
Keywords: thyroglossal duct cyst, midline neck mass, Sistrunk procedure, neck ultrasonography, congenital neck lesion Introduction A thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most common congenital neck mass, typically presenting as a midline cystic lesion in children or young adults. Although usually benign, its location and potential for infection or, rarely, malignant transformation make it a clinically important entity. Understanding the pathophysiology, imaging features, and management of TGDC is essential for both radiologists and surgeons, as well as for medical students preparing for board examinations. This column provides a comprehensive, evidence-based overview of TGDC, integrating recent literature and illustrated imaging examples to support accurate diagnosis and optimal patient care. Case Presentation An 18-year-old boy presented with a midline neck swelling that had gradually increased in size over several weeks. He reported mild pain, tenderness, and low-grade f...