Optic Disk Swelling and Retinal Hemorrhages in Both Eyes: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Imaging, and Management
Introduction Optic disk swelling and retinal hemorrhages are critical ophthalmologic findings that often signify an underlying neurological or systemic disorder. When both eyes are affected simultaneously, the differential diagnosis must urgently include conditions associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP), venous obstruction, or systemic vascular disease. In this article, we examine a representative case of a 25-year-old obese female who presented with headache, blurred vision, and transient visual obscurations. Neurological examination revealed bilateral optic disk swelling (papilledema) with retinal hemorrhages , and subsequent MRI/MRV findings demonstrated empty sella, flattened posterior globes, and bilateral transverse sinus stenosis without thrombosis ([Figure 1], [Figure 2]). We will explore the cause, etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, treatment, and prognosis of this condition, with emphasis on idiopathic...