MediAI

  Lung herniation is a rare but clinically significant condition characterized by the protrusion of lung tissue through a defect in the thoracic wall, diaphragm, or mediastinum . While often associated with trauma, it can also manifest following intense physical strain, such as chronic coughing . Understanding this condition is vital for timely diagnosis and preventing complications like lung incarceration or respiratory distress . 1. What is Lung Herniation? Lung herniation occurs when the lung parenchyma extends beyond the normal boundaries of the thoracic cavity . This typically happens due to a weakness or opening in the chest wall . Classification of Lung Herniation There are two primary classifications based on the origin of the defect : Congenital: Resulting from developmental defects in the thoracic wall or diaphragm present at birth . Acquired: Arising from trauma, surgical procedures, or medical conditions that weaken the thoracic structure . Traumatic chest wall collap...

EVALI Lung Injury: Pathophysiology, Imaging Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis of Electronic Cigarette–Associated Lung Disease Introduction Electronic cigarettes and vaping devices have transformed nicotine and cannabis consumption worldwide. However, this transformation has come with a significant public health cost: EVALI (Electronic cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury) . Since the 2019 outbreak in the United States, EVALI has become a globally recognized clinical-radiologic entity. It represents a complex inflammatory lung injury syndrome linked primarily to vaping products, especially THC-containing cartridges adulterated with vitamin E acetate. EVALI lung injury is now considered a distinct clinicopathologic syndrome characterized by acute lung injury, systemic inflammation, and characteristic radiologic patterns. Understanding its pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, differential diagnosis, diagnostic criteria, treatment str...

Introduction Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is a distinctive form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) that has drawn increasing global attention due to its overlapping features with other diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. Unlike usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), NSIP is characterized by temporally uniform inflammation and fibrosis, presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This comprehensive article explores the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, differential diagnosis, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and prognosis of NSIP.  The review is grounded in recent literature, including pivotal studies from The New England Journal of Medicine, Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Radiology, and American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. Pathophysiology NSIP is primarily characterized by chronic interstitial inflammation and varying degrees of fibrosis. Unlike UIP, which displays spatial an...