Radiation Esophagitis: Causes, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Imaging, and Management
Introduction Radiation therapy remains a cornerstone of cancer treatment for thoracic malignancies, particularly those involving the lungs, mediastinum, and thoracic spine. However, one of the most clinically significant complications is radiation-induced esophagitis , a condition that can profoundly affect patient quality of life and treatment continuity. This article explores the etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, treatment strategies, prognosis , and includes figure references and quiz questions to optimize learning. Cause and Etiology Radiation esophagitis results from the direct cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation on the esophageal mucosa. Patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy for lung, mediastinal, or spinal malignancies are at the highest risk. The risk correlates with: Radiation Dose : 4500–6000 rad : High doses may result in severe, irreversible esophagitis with strictures. 2000–4500 rad : Mo...