Eisenmenger Syndrome: Causes, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Imaging, Treatment, and Prognosis
Introduction Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) represents one of the most severe complications of congenital heart disease, characterized by the reversal of an initial left-to-right shunt into a right-to-left shunt due to progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This syndrome leads to systemic hypoxemia, cyanosis, and a cascade of multi-organ complications. Although increasingly rare in high-resource countries due to early detection and correction of congenital heart defects, Eisenmenger syndrome remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This article will provide an in-depth discussion of Eisenmenger syndrome, integrating radiologic evidence, case study material, clinical features, treatment strategies, and prognosis. Case Study: A 58-Year-Old Woman with Eisenmenger Syndrome A 58-year-old woman presented with chronic progressive dyspnea over several years, worsening in recent months. A chest X-ray and contrast-enh...