MediAI

Introduction Cerebral schistosomiasis is a rare but clinically significant manifestation of Schistosoma infection , a parasitic disease that affects over 250 million people worldwide.  While schistosomiasis typically involves the urogenital or hepatointestinal systems, neurological involvement—known as neuroschistosomiasis —can result in severe complications, including seizures, focal neurological deficits, and cognitive impairment. This article presents an in-depth analysis of cerebral schistosomiasis, drawing from a real case of a 33-year-old man who developed seizures and confusion after returning from São Tomé and Príncipe.  The discussion integrates the latest global literature on pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Case Presentation A 33-year-old Caucasian male presented with severe headaches, focal seizures, and confusion three weeks after returning from São Tomé and Príncipe...