Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): A Comprehensive Clinical and Imaging Review with a Case of Cyclosporine-Induced PRES in IgA Nephropathy
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): A Comprehensive Clinical and Imaging Review with a Case of Cyclosporine-Induced PRES in IgA Nephropathy Keywords: posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, PRES, cyclosporine neurotoxicity, IgA nephropathy, FLAIR MRI, vasogenic edema, neuroimaging, hypertension-related brain injury Introduction Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic clinical–radiological entity characterized by acute neurological symptoms and distinctive neuroimaging findings, typically affecting the parieto-occipital regions. Although “reversible” is in its name, delayed recognition or inappropriate management can lead to permanent neurological deficits or death. This posting presents an in-depth expert-level review of PRES, including cause, etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, treatment, and prognosis, supported by a real-world case of cyclosporine-induced PRES in a patient with...