MediAI

 Spigelian hernia 1. Cause and Etiology Cause Spigelian hernias result from a defect or weakness in the Spigelian aponeurosis, a layer of abdominal wall musculature located between the rectus abdominis medially and the semilunar line laterally. Etiologic Factors Congenital defects in the Spigelian fascia (less common) Acquired weakness of the abdominal wall: Increased intra-abdominal pressure from chronic cough, obesity, heavy lifting, or ascites Prior abdominal surgeries (especially laparoscopic) Pregnancy (due to stretching and thinning of the abdominal wall) Trauma 2. Pathophysiology Spigelian hernias occur through defects in the Spigelian fascia, most commonly at the Spigelian hernia belt , a transverse 6-cm wide zone located just below the umbilicus and above the inferior epigastric vessels. The hernia often occurs at or near the level of the arcuate line, where the posterior sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle ends, ...