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Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM): High-Resolution CT Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis in a 40-Year-Old Woman

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Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: When Hundreds of Lung Cysts Tell the Diagnosis A 40-year-old woman has experienced gradually progressive shortness of breath for approximately two years. During the most recent four months, her symptoms have become substantially worse. At first glance, such a presentation could easily be attributed to asthma, deconditioning, chronic airway disease, or another common pulmonary disorder. But the clinical picture changes dramatically when a high-resolution chest CT reveals something striking: both lungs are filled with innumerable, relatively thin-walled cysts of varying sizes, extending from the upper lungs through the bases. This is the moment when medical imaging becomes more than a confirmatory test. It becomes the diagnostic language of the disease. The pattern strongly raises the possibility of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) , a rare multisystem disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation of LAM cells, progressive destruction of lung parenchyma, and f...
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When Gas Appears Inside the Prostate: 7 Critical CT Findings in Emphysematous Prostatitis — Medical Imaging, Healthcare AI, and Clinical Decision Support

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When Gas Appears Inside the Prostate: 7 Critical CT Findings in Emphysematous Prostatitis What does it mean when gas is visible inside the prostate on CT? In most cases of acute prostatitis, obvious gas within the prostatic parenchyma is not an expected finding. Therefore, intraprostatic gas should be regarded as a major imaging warning sign , particularly when fever, urinary symptoms, diabetes, renal dysfunction, or systemic inflammatory findings are present. One of the most important possibilities is emphysematous prostatitis , a rare but potentially life-threatening infection in which gas-producing microorganisms generate gas within prostatic tissue. The condition may also progress to an emphysematous prostatic abscess , in which an abscess cavity contains gas. The clinical importance is substantial. A previously reported series of 12 patients with emphysematous prostatic abscess reported a mortality rate of 25% , while diabetes mellitus was present in 10 of the 12 patients (83.3%)....
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Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease: MRI Diagnosis, Cortical Ribboning, Pulvinar Sign, DWI, RT-QuIC, and AI

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When Rapidly Progressive Dementia Is Not Alzheimer’s Disease A patient in her early sixties develops progressive memory impairment. At first, the symptoms seem compatible with a common neurodegenerative dementia. Several months later, however, the clinical picture becomes increasingly unusual: gait instability, dysphagia, behavioral changes, reduced speech, abnormal eye movements, and rapidly worsening cognitive function. The brain CT may appear almost normal. This is the moment when the diagnostic strategy must change. In a patient with rapidly progressive dementia , the combination of cognitive decline and rapidly accumulating neurological deficits should immediately broaden the differential diagnosis beyond Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. One of the most important diagnoses to consider is sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) , a rapidly progressive and fatal prion disease. The case presented in the accompanying material illustrates this diagnostic challenge particula...
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