MediAI

  Keywords: Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome, Central Pontine Myelinolysis, Hyponatremia Correction, MRI Findings, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging, Extrapontine Myelinolysis, Neurologic Complications Introduction Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS), classically known as Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM) , is a rare but devastating neurologic disorder characterized by non-inflammatory demyelination , most commonly affecting the central pons. First described in malnourished and alcoholic patients, ODS is now recognized as a complication of rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia and other abrupt osmotic shifts. Despite advances in neuroimaging and critical care, ODS remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition, appropriate sodium correction strategies, and timely imaging—particularly diffusion-weighted MRI —are essential to improving outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive, literature-based review of ODS, integrating pathophysiology, epi...