MediAI

Introduction A 74-year-old woman presented with a persistent nonproductive cough that had gradually worsened over several months. Initial treatment focused on common respiratory conditions such as chronic bronchitis and upper airway cough syndrome. However, her symptoms persisted. A chest CT examination eventually revealed a highly characteristic pattern consisting of bronchiectasis and tree-in-bud opacities predominantly involving the right middle lobe and lingula. These findings pointed toward a diagnosis that is increasingly encountered in thoracic imaging yet remains underrecognized outside radiology: Atypical Mycobacterial Lung Infection , most commonly caused by the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) . This case highlights the growing importance of medical imaging , CT scan diagnosis , and expert radiology interpretation in identifying chronic pulmonary infections before irreversible airway damage develops. Why Atypical Mycobacterial Lung Infection Matters Non-tuberculous mycobac...

Marfan Syndrome and Progressive Vision Loss: A Radiology Case Every Clinician Should Know A 33-year-old woman with a known history of Marfan syndrome presented with progressive bilateral visual loss over several months. Initially, her symptoms appeared to be primarily ophthalmologic. However, advanced medical imaging revealed a striking diagnosis: bilateral posterior lens dislocation (ectopia lentis). This case highlights the critical role of medical imaging, MRI interpretation, and multidisciplinary diagnosis in patients with connective tissue disorders. Although Marfan syndrome is widely recognized for its cardiovascular complications, radiologists frequently encounter imaging manifestations involving the eyes, skeleton, lungs, and vascular system. Understanding these findings is essential because early diagnosis can prevent irreversible visual impairment and life-threatening cardiovascular complications. Clinical Case Presentation A 33-year-old female with known Marfan syndrome pres...

Primary Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma: The Rare Vascular Malignancy That Mimics Pulmonary Embolism Introduction Among the most challenging diagnoses in thoracic imaging is the differentiation of a massive pulmonary embolism from a primary pulmonary artery sarcoma (PPAS). Although pulmonary embolism is encountered daily in emergency departments and radiology practices worldwide, PPAS remains one of the rarest vascular malignancies known in medicine. The clinical significance of this distinction cannot be overstated. Patients with PPAS are frequently misdiagnosed as having pulmonary thromboembolic disease and consequently receive anticoagulation therapy for weeks or months before the correct diagnosis is established. During this delay, the tumor continues to grow, infiltrate adjacent structures, and dramatically worsen prognosis. The present case illustrates exactly such a scenario. A 64-year-old man presented with progressive cough and dyspnea for one month. Initial CT angiography demonstrat...

Trichobezoar and Rapunzel Syndrome: The Hidden Cause of Abdominal Pain Every Radiologist Must Recognize Introduction Emergency departments frequently encounter adolescents presenting with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. While appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, bowel obstruction, and ovarian pathology are common considerations, rare entities such as trichobezoar remain important diagnostic possibilities. A trichobezoar is a compact mass of ingested hair that accumulates within the stomach and occasionally extends into the duodenum and small bowel. When the hair mass extends beyond the pylorus into the small intestine, the condition is commonly referred to as Rapunzel syndrome. Although uncommon, delayed diagnosis can result in gastric outlet obstruction, bowel perforation, malnutrition, intussusception, and even death. Consequently, radiologists play a pivotal role in early identification. The present case involves a 17-year-old female with autism and trichotil...