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CT Findings of Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A Case of Pneumothorax and Renal Angiomyolipoma

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 Edited by ScholarGen MediAI Team What is the key CT finding of lymphangioleiomyomatosis? The characteristic CT pattern of lymphangioleiomyomatosis is numerous bilateral, round, thin-walled pulmonary cysts distributed diffusely throughout both lungs. Pneumothorax and renal angiomyolipoma are important associated findings that can strengthen the diagnostic impression. Executive Answer Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) should be considered when a woman presents with acute pleuritic chest pain or dyspnea and chest CT demonstrates numerous bilateral, round, thin-walled cysts distributed diffusely throughout the lungs. In this case, a large right pneumothorax was the acute finding, while the diffuse cystic lung pattern provided the key diagnostic clue. A small hyperechoic lesion in the lower pole of the left kidney was also most consistent with a renal angiomyolipoma, an important extrapulmonary association of LAM. Recognizing the combination of diffuse cystic lung disease, pneumothorax, a...
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Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: MRI Findings, Brain Sagging, and CSF Leak Treatment

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  Edited by ScholarGen MediAI Team Executive Answer Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a potentially treatable cause of secondary headache, most commonly associated with spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage or a CSF-venous fistula. The key clinical clue is an orthostatic headache that worsens when upright and improves when lying down. On contrast-enhanced brain MRI, the combination of diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement, venous sinus engorgement, pituitary enlargement, subdural collections, and brain sagging strongly supports the diagnosis. Recognizing this pattern matters because brain MRI may reveal the consequences of CSF volume loss without identifying the actual leak. Spinal imaging and, when indicated, specialized myelography help guide definitive treatment. Why This Case Matters A woman in her early 40s presented with three weeks of orthostatic headache and dizziness. Brain MRI demonstrated diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement, bilateral subdural collections, a l...
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When Chest CT Reveals a Forgotten Tuberculosis Surgery: Plombage, Pseudomonas Pneumonia, and the Limits of Radiology AI

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How Historical Lucite Ball Plombage Complicates Chest Imaging Interpretation, Infectious Disease Assessment, and AI-Assisted Radiology MediAI | Clinical Radiology Case Study · Thoracic Imaging · Diagnostic Risk · Healthcare AI Author: Ph. D. GJ Lee Executive Answer Multiple spherical structures clustered in the upper hemithorax of an elderly patient may represent extrapleural plombage , an obsolete surgical treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), also known as Lucite, was historically implanted into the extrapleural space to compress diseased lung tissue. This case involves a man in his 80s with remote tuberculosis treated by Lucite ball plombage who subsequently developed severe pneumonia, recurrent septic shock, and fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The central diagnostic challenge is recognizing historical surgical material while independently evaluating acute pulmonary infection. For contemporary radiology, the case also exposes an important lim...
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