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  Giant Basilar Artery Aneurysm: Pathophysiology, MRI Diagnosis, Imaging Features, Treatment, and Prognosis | Neurovascular Imaging Review Introduction: Giant Basilar Artery Aneurysm as a Critical Neurovascular Emergency The Giant Basilar Artery Aneurysm represents one of the most complex and life-threatening entities in neurovascular medicine. This rare but devastating form of intracranial aneurysm arises within the basilar artery, the central vessel supplying the brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior cerebral circulation. Due to its location within the posterior circulation, even gradual enlargement may result in severe neurological deterioration, while rupture can lead to catastrophic subarachnoid hemorrhage and death. The present case involves a 47-year-old right-handed woman presenting with progressive occipital headache, cognitive impairment, and personality change, with imaging revealing a giant basilar artery aneurysm measuring approximately 3.5 × 4.0 cm. These clin...

  Keywords: Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome, Central Pontine Myelinolysis, Hyponatremia Correction, MRI Findings, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging, Extrapontine Myelinolysis, Neurologic Complications Introduction Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS), classically known as Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM) , is a rare but devastating neurologic disorder characterized by non-inflammatory demyelination , most commonly affecting the central pons. First described in malnourished and alcoholic patients, ODS is now recognized as a complication of rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia and other abrupt osmotic shifts. Despite advances in neuroimaging and critical care, ODS remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition, appropriate sodium correction strategies, and timely imaging—particularly diffusion-weighted MRI —are essential to improving outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive, literature-based review of ODS, integrating pathophysiology, epi...

  Keywords: Cerebral air embolism, arterial air emboli, cerebral infarction, cerebral air embolism CT, cerebral air embolism MRI, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, paradoxical embolism, patent foramen ovale, brain infarction imaging, neuroradiology Introduction Cerebral infarction from arterial air emboli , also known as cerebral air embolism (CAE) , represents a rare but devastating neurological emergency that can lead to severe ischemic brain injury, seizures, coma, and death. Despite its rarity, CAE has gained increasing recognition due to the widespread use of invasive vascular procedures, hemodialysis, central venous catheterization, cardiothoracic surgery, and neurointerventional techniques. The growing complexity of modern medicine has paradoxically increased the incidence of iatrogenic arterial air embolism, making early diagnosis and management essential for neurologists, radiologists, intensivists, and emergency physicians. From a pathophysiological perspective, arterial air em...