MediAI

  A 70s man with extensive pulmonary embolism underwent inferior vena cavography before IVC filter placement. The cavogram showed a patent, normally configured inferior vena cava without an obvious obstructive filling defect. But a normal IVC study does not rule out pulmonary embolism—and it does not, by itself, establish the indication for an IVC filter. Edited by ScholarGen MediAI Team What Is a Normal Inferior Vena Cavaogram? A normal inferior vena cavogram is a fluoroscopic venographic study in which contrast is injected into the inferior vena cava (IVC) to evaluate its course, patency, caliber, thrombus, and relevant anatomic variants. In patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT), inferior vena cavography may be performed during planning for inferior vena cava filter placement . The examination can help define the anatomy needed for safe filter deployment, including the IVC course, renal vein inflow, iliac venous confluence, vessel caliber, and anato...

  Postcatheterization Femoral Pseudoaneurysm: From the Yin-Yang Sign to Ultrasound-Guided Thrombin Injection Introduction: The Complication Nobody Wants to Miss A 76-year-old man underwent a successful coronary intervention. Twenty-four hours later, he complained of increasing right groin pain. The nursing staff noticed a progressively enlarging hematoma and a pulsatile mass. A vascular ultrasound was immediately performed. Within seconds, the diagnosis became clear. The lesion demonstrated a striking red-and-blue swirling appearance on color Doppler imaging—the famous Yin-Yang sign . The patient had developed a postcatheterization femoral pseudoaneurysm (PSA) . Although often considered an uncommon complication, femoral pseudoaneurysm remains one of the most important vascular complications following: Coronary angiography Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) Peripheral arterial intervention Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (...

Iatrogenic Arteriovenous Fistula After Femoral Access: The CTA Findings Every Radiologist Must Recognize Introduction A 65-year-old man presented with persistent right groin pain. At first glance, the symptom appeared nonspecific. However, recent cardiovascular intervention dramatically altered the differential diagnosis. The patient had undergone a heart transplant and subsequently an endomyocardial biopsy requiring femoral vascular access. Shortly afterward, groin pain developed. CTA was performed to investigate possible vascular complications. This scenario represents a growing challenge in modern medicine. As the number of catheter-based cardiovascular procedures continues to increase worldwide, radiologists are increasingly encountering access-site complications, including: Hematoma Pseudoaneurysm Arterial dissection Active hemorrhage Arteriovenous fistula Among these, iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remains uncommon but clinically important because delayed diagnosis may le...