Pancoast Tumor: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Imaging, and Treatment
Introduction Pancoast tumors, also known as superior sulcus tumors, represent a unique subset of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) that arise in the lung apex. Although relatively rare, they are clinically significant due to their location and tendency to invade adjacent structures such as the brachial plexus, subclavian vessels, vertebrae, and sympathetic chain. As a result, they often present with striking neurological and musculoskeletal manifestations rather than the typical pulmonary symptoms, leading to delayed diagnosis. This column provides a comprehensive review of the cause, etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features, imaging modalities, treatment strategies, and prognosis of Pancoast tumors, supplemented with case-based imaging examples. This knowledge is crucial for clinicians, radiologists, and oncologists aiming to improve early recognition and optimize patient outcomes. Case Presentation A 74-year-old male presented with persiste...