MediAI

  Introduction Biliary leak and biloma represent critical postoperative complications, most commonly occurring after cholecystectomy. A biliary leak is defined as the extravasation of bile outside the biliary system into the peritoneal cavity, while a biloma is a localized collection of bile encased by a fibrous capsule. These complications, if unrecognized, can lead to bile peritonitis, sepsis, and increased morbidity and mortality. Accurate and timely diagnosis, supported by advanced imaging modalities, remains the cornerstone of effective management. This column provides a comprehensive, evidence-based discussion of biliary leak and biloma, covering pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, based on the latest international literature. The analysis is supplemented with an illustrative case review, imaging findings, and quiz questions useful for medical licensing exam preparation. Case Review Patient:...