MediAI

  Abstract Ogilvie’s syndrome, also known as acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO), is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition characterized by acute colonic dilatation in the absence of mechanical obstruction. This column presents a comprehensive, expert-level review integrating clinical case insights, imaging interpretation, and current global literature. Emphasis is placed on pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnostic imaging, and evidence-based management strategies, structured in the format of a biomedical review. Keywords Ogilvie’s syndrome, acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, colonic dilatation, CT imaging, bowel obstruction, neostigmine, colonoscopic decompression I. Introduction Ogilvie’s syndrome is a critical gastrointestinal emergency that mimics mechanical bowel obstruction but lacks any obstructive lesion. First described by Sir William Ogilvie in 1948, this syndrome is increasingly recognized in hospitalized and critically ill patients. Failure to promptly ...

  Abstract Epiphrenic diverticulum , a rare pulsion diverticulum of the distal esophagus, represents a clinically significant manifestation of underlying esophageal motility disorders such as achalasia. This article provides a comprehensive, expert-level review integrating radiologic findings, clinical presentation, and surgical management, based on a real-world case of a 72-year-old female patient. Emphasis is placed on multimodal imaging interpretation, pathophysiological mechanisms, and evidence-based therapeutic strategies. The discussion follows a structured format consistent with IEEE biomedical literature standards and incorporates high-yield SEO keywords such as epiphrenic diverticulum imaging , achalasia diagnosis , esophageal diverticulum treatment , and barium esophagogram findings . Keywords Epiphrenic diverticulum, esophageal diverticulum, achalasia, dysphagia, esophagogram, chest X-ray air-fluid level, esophageal motility disorder, laparoscopic diverticulectomy,...

  Abstract Intussusception is a critical gastrointestinal condition characterized by the telescoping of one bowel segment into another, often leading to obstruction, ischemia, and potential perforation. While predominantly observed in pediatric populations, adult intussusception represents a diagnostically challenging and clinically significant entity, frequently associated with a pathological lead point such as malignancy. This article provides a comprehensive, expert-level review of intussusception, integrating clinical insights from a real-world case involving a 54-year-old male patient. Emphasis is placed on pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, differential diagnosis, diagnostic strategies, treatment modalities, and prognosis. Additionally, radiologic interpretation of CT imaging—including the hallmark “target sign”—is explored in depth.  Keywords Intussusception, Intussusception CT target sign, Adult intussusception diagnosis, Intus...

  Abstract Corkscrew esophagus, classically associated with Diffuse Esophageal Spasm (DES), represents a rare but clinically significant esophageal motility disorder characterized by uncoordinated, high-amplitude contractions of the distal esophagus. This condition produces the hallmark radiologic appearance of a “corkscrew” or “rosary bead” esophagus on contrast esophagography. Despite its rarity, corkscrew esophagus remains a critical diagnostic consideration in patients presenting with intermittent dysphagia and non-cardiac chest pain. This column provides a comprehensive, expert-level review of corkscrew esophagus, including pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging findings, differential diagnosis, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and prognosis, grounded in the latest global literature. A real-world case is presented with imaging correlation, followed by examination-style questions to reinforce learning. Keywords Corkscrew Esophagus, Diff...