MediAI

Introduction Corrosive esophagitis —also known as caustic esophagitis —is a life-threatening condition caused by ingestion of acidic or alkaline substances that produce varying degrees of esophageal injury. These injuries may range from superficial mucosal ulceration to full-thickness necrosis and perforation. Despite advancements in critical care and endoscopy, corrosive esophagitis remains a major medical and surgical challenge worldwide. This article provides a comprehensive expert-level review of corrosive/caustic esophagitis, including etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging features, treatment strategies, prognosis, and prevention. The discussion integrates clinical evidence, case-based radiological insights, and modern management guidelines. Causes and Etiology The most common causes of corrosive esophagitis are ingestion of alkaline agents (lye, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, dishwasher detergents) and strong acids (sulfuric acid, hydrochlo...