Brain Tumors: Causes, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Imaging, Treatment, and Prognosis
Introduction Brain tumors represent one of the most complex and challenging conditions in modern medicine, affecting both children and adults. They encompass a wide spectrum of diseases that differ in cellular origin, biological behavior, anatomical location, and clinical manifestations . With the rapid development of neuroimaging, molecular genetics, and targeted therapy , the understanding and management of brain tumors have significantly advanced. This article provides a comprehensive overview of brain tumors , focusing on their etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, imaging findings, treatment options, and prognosis . It also incorporates essential classifications and representative imaging findings ([Figure 1–5]) to illustrate key tumor types. 1. Etiology and Causes of Brain Tumors The causes of brain tumors remain multifactorial and not fully understood. Several genetic, environmental, and biological factors contribute to tumorigenesis. Genetic M...